What is computer memory | Computer memory

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What is computer memory ? :- 

     A computer memory is just like a human brain. It is used to store data and instructions. Computer memory is the storage space in computer, where data is to be processed and instructions required for processing are stored. Computer memory refers to devices that are used to store information in electronic devices. Current primary computer memory makes use of integrated circuits consisting of silicon - based transistors.

     In a simple sentence, computer memory is a storage device that stores computer data, program and information.

Types of computer memory :-

Computer memory is devided in three parts. 

1. Primary memory
2. Cache memory and
3. Secondary memory.

Primary memory is two types. Those are :- 

1. RAM (Random Access Memory)
2. ROM (Read Only Memory)

RAM is two types. Those are :-

1. SRAM
2. DRAM

DRAM is three types. Those are :-

1. SDRAM
2. DDR SDRAM
3. ECC SDRAM

ROM is three types. Those are :- 

1. PROM
2. EP ROM
3. EE PROM

Cache memory is not devided in any parts yet.  

Secondary memory is five types. Those are :-

1. HDD (Hard Disk Drive)
2. CD (Compact Disc)
3. SDD
4. Flash Drive
5. Magnetic Tape

For more understand see the picture given bellow 👇👇👇.

Computer Memory Units

1 Bit = Single 0 or 1 is bit

1 Nibble = 4 Bits

1 Byte = 8 Bits

1024 Bytes = 1 KB (Kilo Byte)

1024 KB = 1 MB (Mega Byte)

1024 MB = 1 GB (Giga Byte)

1024 GB = 1 TB (Tera Byte)

1024 TB = 1 PB (Peta Byte)

01. Primary Memory :-

    The internal memory of computer that is directly accessed by the CPU is known as Primary Memory. Primary memory is the main memory of a computer that is attached directly to the motherboard. Primary memory holds only those data and instructions in which a computer is currently working. Example :- RAM & ROM .

1. RAM (Random Access Memory) :- 

   RAM is a primary memory. When we boot a computer, it starts to load the system file of the operating system into the RAM. It holds only those data instructions which the computer is currently working on. It is called volatile memory and temporary memory because it's data is lost when the computer is turned off.

RAM (Random Access Memory)

2. ROM (Read Only Memory) :-

    ROM is also a primary memory. The data program stored on the ROM is permanent and non - volatile. The data a or program stored on ROM is called firmware. The data remains the same when the computer is turned off. We are only able to read the data but, unable to write on it.

ROM (Read Only Memory)

02. Secondary Memory :- 

    The external memory of the computer that stores data permanently is known as Secondary Memory. Secondary Memory is the permanent types of memory having a large storage capacity. It is also known as auxiliary memory. In this memory, we can store data that is used for future use. It uses magnetic technology to store data. Example :- Hard Disk, CD, DVD.

HDD (Hard Disk Drive) :-

     A Hard Disk Drive (HDD), is a secondary memory that stores data permanently. A Hard Disk or hard drive is an electromechanical data storage device that stores and retrieves digital data using magnetic storage and one or more rigid rapidly rotating platters coated with magnetic material. HDD'S are a type of non - volatile storage, retaining stored data even when powered off.

HDD (Hard Disk Drive)

CD ROM :- (compact disc read-only memory)

     CD - ROM stands for Compact Disc Read

Only Memory. It is a computer memory in the form of a Compact Disc that is read by optical means. A compact disc can store 600 to 750 MB data on it. The data may be in the form of text, image, sound, video clips, animated movies for their combinations. It is two types :- CD - R & CD - RW.

CD ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory)

DVD (Digital Video Disk :- 

     It is very similar to CD but can store much more data. It is an optical disk storage device. It can be recorded on one or both sides. It's capacity may range from 4.7 GB to 28.5 GB. The medium can store any kind of digital data and be widely used for software and other computer files as well as video programs watched using DVD players.

DVD (Digital Video Disk)

Pendrive :-

Pendrive is a small pen type device. It is attached to the computer at a place called a USB port. It can store a large amount of data. It is the most convenient device to get the data from one place to another as we can put it inside our pocket. It is also known as a flash drive. It is typically removable, rewritable and much smaller than an optical disc.

Pendrive

Magnetic Tape :-

It is a sequential storage media with a very long plastic - based ribbon coated on one side or both sides. It contains iron oxide to make it sensitive to impulses from an electromagnet, used to record sound, images, data etc... .

Magnetic Tape (Caset)

Cache Memory :- 

Cache memory is a very high speed semiconductor memory that can speed up the C.P.U. It acts as a buffer between the C.P.U. and the main memory. It is used to hold those parts of data and programs which are most frequently used by the C.P.U. The parts of data and programs are transferred from the disk to cache memory by the operating system, from where the C.P.U. can access them.

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