Computer networking | What is Computer networking

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                Computer Networking

       A computer networking is a process of connecting two or more than two computers with the purpose to share data, provide technical support, and to communicate (specially for the business purpose). 

     Internet is the technology that is used to connect different computer systems (located in different geographic location). Networking technology has revolutionized the world and created a new arena for the overall development of every nation.

Advantages of Networking :-

     Let's now learn the Advantages of Networking. The advantages are described below.

Facility of Technical Support :- Because of having computer networking, a person sitting in the United States of America provides technical support to a person sitting in a remote part of India.

Easy Shareing of Data :- With the help of networking, it is very simple to share all formats of digital data from one computer system to another (irrespective of their geographic location).

Easy Shareing of Hardware Resource 

With the help of networking, it has now become very simple to share the expensive resources including storage space, processor,

fax, etc.

Easy Shareing Software :- Through the networking system, it is easy to share and install the software from one computer system to another computer system.

Easy to Decentralise Data Processing :- Through the networking system, it is very simple to decentralise the data processing system. It ultimately helps to control, secure

and manage the important data.

Easy to Communicate :- With the help of networking, the communication system has now become highly efficient, frugal and fast.

The different modes  of communication are text chatting, video chatting, E - Mails, etc...

Types of Network :- In this part you will learn the different types of network.

The types are described below.

Local Area Network (LAN)

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Local Area Network :- Local Area Network or simply LAN is the technique of interconnecting a few computers located in a given premise. It is normally used for a single business office or a residential apartment.

 The major purpose of such interconnectivity is to establish a communication system in order to make the work easier.

     However, in such connectivity, some other devices can also be attached such as laser printers, fax machine, etc...

Metropolitan Area Network :- Metropolitan Area Network or simply MAN  is a system of network that normally covers a large metropolitan area (city part).

     It provides high speed internet services throughout the area covered within the network.

Wide Area Network :- Wide Area Network or simply WAN is a system of network that covers a large geographical area across the world. The services of WAN are provided by public (Govt.) agencies as well as private agencies. The network also provides the facility to access databases located remotely.

     The WAN system is highly beneficial for MNCs and other big corporate companies (offering online services).

     A computer network is a system in which multiple computers are connected to each other to share information and resources.

Characteristics of a Computer Network :-

01. Share resources from one computer to another.

02. Create files and store them in one computer, access those files from the other computer connected over the network.

03. Connect a printer, scanner, or a fax machine to one computer within the network and let other computers of the network use the machines available over the network.

Following is the list of hardware's required to setup a computer network.

01. Network cables
02. Distributors
03. Routers
04.Internal Network Cards
05. External Network Cards

01. Network Cables :- 

     Network cables are used to connect computers. The most commonly used cable is category 5 cable RJ - 45.

Network Cables

02. Distributors :-

A computer can be connected to another one via a serial port but if we need to connect many computers to produce a network, this serial connection will not work. The solution is to use a central body to which other computers, printers, scanners etc... can be connected and then this body will manage or distribute network traffic.

Network Distributors

03. Router :-

A router is a type of device which acts as the central point among computers and other devices that are a part of the network. It is equipped with holes called ports. Computers and other devices are connected to a router using network cables. Now - a - days router comes in wireless modes using which computers can be connected without any physical cable.

Network Router | Router

04. Network Card :-

Network card is a necessary component of a computer without which a computer can't be connected over a network. It is also known as the network adapter or Network Interface Card (NIC). Most branded computers have network card pre - installed. Network cards are of two types :

(i) Internal Network Cards and 

(ii) External Network Cards

(i) Internal Network Cards :- 

Motherboard has a slot for internal network card where it is to be inserted. Internal network cards are of two types in which the first type uses Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) connection, while the second type uses Industry Standard Architecture (ISA). Network cables are required to provide network access.

Internal network cards

(ii) External Network Cards :-

External Network Cards are of two types : wireless and USB based. Wireless network card needs to be inserted into the motherboard, however no network cable is required to connect to the network.

External Network Cards

Universal Serial Bus (USB) :-

USB card is easy to use and connects via USB port. Computers automatically detect USB card and can install the drivers required to support the USB network card automatically.

Universal Serial Bus | USB

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Smruti Ranjan Panda (Bablu)